Botswana is faced with the challenge of ensuring that the nation successfully deals with the dynamics of the “second transition”. This is the development phase which is characterised by mineral-led growth, with its dependence on windfall (unearned) income and government-led development, to income earned from being competitive, productive and efficient, derived from selling (exporting) goods and services to other countries in the region and globally. The “first transition”, during the period after independence, was from a rural/agricultural economy to a fast growing, mineral-led economy. The Macroeconomics and Development research focuses on this challenge of transitioning to diversified, export-led growth, and the macroeconomic policies that are necessary to support this transition. This covers areas such as fiscal policy, monetary and exchange rate policy, infrastructure and development of the financial sector. These areas are grouped under three research themes, and these are Macroeconomic Policy, Finance, and Infrastructure Development. http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3 2026-04-14T19:59:12Z 2026-04-14T19:59:12Z Blackie, Israel R. http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/169 2023-03-27T14:25:40Z 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z

Ex Gratia Payments for Loss of Human Life Due to Wild Animals' Attack in Botswana Blackie, Israel R. ABSTRACT Ex gratia payment is paid only to families of human-wildlife conflict (HWC) victims who get killed by wildlife, and not to victims who are injured by wild animals regardless of the severity of the injury, even if it results in permanent disability. This study was carried out to assess the relevance and effectiveness of the ex gratia payment to victims of wild animals’ attack. Participants included traditional leadership (chiefs), government officials, wildlife NGOs, victims and their caretakers. Local people exposed to lifethreatening wildlife attacks express fear and animosity towards wild animals, and also feel left out and disappointed by a fragmented government service delivery system. Delays in processing ex gratia payment militates against the effectiveness of the ex gratia scheme. Payment of ex gratia process needs to be re-engineered to improve its effectiveness to serve its novel objectives. This study recommends establishment of an Ex Gratia Scheme or Ex Gratia Tribunal where all HWC injuries or death incidents can be effectively dealt with. Most importantly, compensation should consider healthcare and rehabilitation, loss of reasonable The series comprises of papers which reflect work in progress, which may be of interest to researchers and policy makers, or of a public education character. Working papers may already have been published elsewhere or may appear in other publications.

2022-03-01T00:00:00Z Blackie, Israel R. http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/168 2023-03-27T14:13:45Z 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z

Social Impact Analysis of the Human-Wildlife Conflict on Victims and their Families in Botswana Blackie, Israel R. ABSTRACT The period between 2009 and 2019 has witnessed an unprecedented increase in the number of human-wildlife conflicts (HWC) resulting in people being injured and/or killed by the wildlife in Botswana. This national tracer study, guided by constructivism approach, covered 66 HWC victims and their families in over 65 villages. The study utilised mixed methods approach to ascertain the magnitude and social impact of HWC on victims and their families following injuries and loss of life from the wildlife. The results of the study indicate that the advent of HWC is transforming rural communities’ livelihoods from being agriculturally based, to being dependent on a costly government aided destitute program. The study also found that victims of HWC experience recurring headaches, itching and other pains which are symptomatic of bacterial infections from claws and the mouth of predators that gets injected deep into the body when animals bite people. The study recommends that government should ensure development of a comprehensive medical health care and effective therapeutic rehabilitation policy to facilitate psychosocial adjustment of HWC survivors. Collaborative research between wildlife veterinarians, medical practitioners and allied health service providers is urgently required to guide development of comprehensive medical health care and effective rehabilitation post-traumatic wildlife attack. Keywords: Botswana, destitute, elephants, human-wildlife conflict, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychosocial, social impact. The series comprises of papers which reflect work in progress or limited research efforts, which may be of interest to researchers and policy makers, or of a public education character. Working papers may already have been published elsewhere or may appear in other publications.

2022-03-01T00:00:00Z Harvey, Charles http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/167 2021-09-15T12:36:21Z 1999-01-01T00:00:00Z

Macroeconomic Policy Convergence and a SADC Free Trade Area Harvey, Charles Regional free trade areas fail because one member country is perceived as getting more than its share of the benefits. Most non-SACU SADC economies would not be able to export to a newly opened South African market, so their uncompetitive manufacturing sectors need new investment. Such investment will not occur in situations of extreme macroeconomic stability, and where there is lack of credibility that macroeconomic stability (if achieved) would be sustained. Unfortunately, the macroeconomic track record of some SADC member countries makes their credibility very low. What is needed is an "external agency of restraint", to provide that credibility, quickly. The IMF and the World Bank are not suitable, because their programmes are often abandoned or fail. SADC governments must therefore create a regional agency of restraint, by voluntary negotiated agreement, with credible sanctions against breaking its rules. Without this, there will not be the investment in non-SACU members, which is necessary for all members to gain from a SADC free trade area. An attempt to establish a SADC free trade area, without making sure that all the member countries stand to gain in the short term, would condemn SADC to failure. Paper written for Industrial Strategy Project of the Development Policy Research Unit University of Cape Town: Regional Research Workshop 30-31 August 1999, Irene Country Lodge, Gauteng

1999-01-01T00:00:00Z Sedimo, Ratang Mmolainyane, Kelesego http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/165 2021-09-13T10:15:58Z 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Ordinary Shareholders' Rights Protection in Botswana Sedimo, Ratang; Mmolainyane, Kelesego This policy brief seeks to examine the institutional frameworks that exist in Botswana to protect the rights of ordinary shareholders. Findings reveal that , in Botswana, existing institutional frameworks are not adequate to protect ordinary shareholders' rights. Furthermore, the Choppies case study shows that the lack of adherence to corporate governance standards resulted in loss of wealth by shareholders. The brief suggests the existing institutional frameworks should be reviewed to ensure adequate protection of ordinary shareholders' rights.

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z