Presenting the initial results of research projects, or work in progress. http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9 2026-04-14T19:59:39Z 2026-04-14T19:59:39Z Gaodirelwe, Ikanyeng Masole, Charity Blackie, Israel R. http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/170 2023-03-27T15:26:43Z 2022-10-01T00:00:00Z

Predictors of Human-Wildlife Fatalities Gaodirelwe, Ikanyeng; Masole, Charity; Blackie, Israel R. ABSTRACT The paper investigates predictors of the increased probability of Human-Wildlife Conflict (HWC) fatalities from attacks on humans. The study uses data from 137 HWC victims in the six wildlife districts of Botswana. A logistic regression model is used to assess demographic, ecological/environmental and geographic predictors of increased probability of fatality. Findings reveal that older victims, winter season, Ngamiland Wildlife district, elephants and distant health facilities present an increased probability of human fatality from animal attacks. In conclusion, several predictors from different aspects contribute to increased probability of fatality in the event of attacks. Therefore, there is need for a holistic approach to reduce HWC fatalities. We recommend that seasonality of HWC attacks on humans should be considered when deploying resources to mitigate against. Further, there is need for the formulation and development of the HWC policy which will guide HWC related issues, holistically. The series comprises of papers that reflect work in progress or limited research efforts, which may be of interest to researchers and policy makers, or of a public education character. Working papers may already have been published elsewhere or may appear in other publications.

2022-10-01T00:00:00Z Motsatsi, Johane http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/159 2021-09-10T15:02:24Z 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

How Non-Diamond Exports Respond to Exchange Rate Volatility in Botswana Motsatsi, Johane This paper estimates the impact of exchange rate volatility on non-diamond exports in Botswana using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The model used quarterly data for the period 1995-2018, to estimate both the long and short run dynamics. The estimated results show that real GDP in the non-diamond sector, GDP growth of OECD countries, transport investment and water & electricity investment have a positive impact on non-diamond exports. While the lending interest rate, inflation differentials, exchange rate volatility and misalignment impact non-diamond exports negatively. The findings indicate that the coefficients with respect to the exchange rate volatility in both models are relatively low, suggesting that it has not had harmful impacts on non-diamond exports. This reflects the emphasis given to a stable and competitive exchange rate that will attract increased foreign demand which, as a result, could lead to export diversification. However, Botswana’s export structure is still undiversified, despite efforts made to diversify the sector. To achieve the national objectives of sustainable export and economic diversification, the policy should continue encouraging a stable and competitive exchange rate. Other policies intended to boost export growth should focus on: expanding the production base of the non-diamond sector, committing more investment in the transport sector, and improving water & electricity infrastructure. The series comprises of papers which reflect work in progress, which may be of interest to researchers and policy makers, or of a public education character. Working papers may already have been published elsewhere or may appear in other publications.

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Motswapong, Masedi http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/158 2021-09-10T14:51:01Z 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Male-Female Wage Differentials in Botswana Motswapong, Masedi This paper examines the wage differential between males and females in Botswana. It uses two methods; the quantile regression model and the unconditional quantile decomposition method. Using the quantile regression models, the paper demonstrates that returns to education are significantly different between males and females. Private returns to education for both tend to increase as we move up the education level and from lower part of the wage distribution (10th percentile) to higher parts with females getting higher returns. Furthermore, applying the unconditional quantile decomposition regression model, there is evidence that females are paid less than their male counterparts throughout the wage distribution and the gap increases as we move from lower levels to higher levels. Results show that there is no evidence of the “sticky floor” effect and there is the “glass ceiling” effect in our labour market implying that there may be few females in leadership positions(high paying jobs), hence there is a ‘ceiling’ on their wages. The policy implications of the study are that continuing to invest in human capital development is crucial for Botswana and there is also a need to value females’ work and attract males in highly feminised sectors. The series comprises of papers which reflect work in progress, which may be of interest to researchers and policy makers, or of a public education character. Working papers may already have been published elsewhere or may appear in other publications.

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Seleka, Tebogo B. http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/157 2021-09-10T14:38:21Z 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Old Wine in a New Bottle? Seleka, Tebogo B. This paper estimates the impact of the ISPAAD input subsidy program on cultivated area, output and productivity in Botswana’s subsistence economy, using panel data for five agricultural regions and the cropping seasons of 1978/79 to 2013/14. The paper also assesses programme cost effectiveness and draws implications for programme sustainability. Results show that the programme has induced increases of 78%, 87%, 40%, 168% and 46% in total acreage, cereal acreage, non-cereal acreage, cereal output and cereal yields, respectively. Therefore, the programme may have impacted positively on food security and welfare among subsistence households. However, it was found to not be cost effective in that the value of crops produced was equivalent to only 51% of public expenditure on land cultivation and seasonal inputs. Moreover, the ratio of the value of incremental cereals produced to programme expenditure on cereals was estimated at 26%. Therefore, public expenditure patterns suggest that ISPAAD’s positive impacts on crop production and food security will not be sustained beyond the programme implementation period. Some farmers would exit farming if production costs on land cultivation alone were to be privatised, rather than being borne by Government. The main conclusion is therefore that ISPAAD is not cost effective, and is fiscally and economically unsustainable. The series comprises of papers which reflect work in progress, which may be of interest to researchers and policy makers, or of a public education character. Working papers may already have been published elsewhere or may appear in other publications.

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z