http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/15 Tue, 14 Apr 2026 20:03:18 GMT 2026-04-14T20:03:18Z http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/115 Consumption Inequality in Botswana: The Decomposition of the Gini Coefficient of Consumer Expenditures Mookodi, Lillian This paper applies the Lerman and Yitzhaki (1985) inequality decomposition approach on food and non-food expenditures on the 2009/10 Botswana Core Welfare Indicator Survey; and the 2015/16 Multi Topic Indicator Survey datasets with an objective to see how overall inequality translates into inequality within each expenditure component. To test for a robustness of our results, we apply a simple bootstrap procedure to obtain the means, standard errors and confidence intervals for the component Gini coefficients estimates. The decomposition analysis results show that overall inequality based on the Gini coefficient of consumption expenditure within the groups has increased between the two periods from 0.498 to 0.533. These results suggest that this rise in overall expenditure inequality is due to the increased burden in the household budget of non-food spending, which tends to be more unequal than food spending. The consumption expenditure is very unequal on non-food items like recreation and hotels; health; education and transport. On one hand, lower Gini coefficients are observed for food; and clothing and footwear; these commodities are considered as necessities among others. This paper finally offers some possible policy measures to curb this consumption expenditure inequality. Fri, 01 Mar 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/115 2019-03-01T00:00:00Z http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/114 Ministry of Finance and Development Planning Study of Poverty and Poverty Alleviation in Botswana: Inception report Botswana Institute for Development Policy Analysis(BIDPA) Wed, 01 May 1996 00:00:00 GMT http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/114 1996-05-01T00:00:00Z http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/113 Competitiveness of ACP Sugar Exports in the Global Market Seleka, Tebogo B.; Dlamini, Thulani S. We employ the Normalized Revealed Comparative Advantage (NRCA) index on data for the period 1961-2013 to examine the competitiveness of the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries in the global sugar market. Results indicate that the majority of the ACP states had comparative advantage in the global sugar market during the period 1961-2013. However, most of these countries also experienced declining comparative advantage, except for a few African countries that emerged from initial states of extreme comparative disadvantage to marginal comparative (dis)advantage. This occurred despite the fact that these countries enjoyed tariff free access to the highly protected EU market. Mauritius, followed by Fiji, Guyana and Jamaica, recorded the strongest comparative advantage among the ACP countries. However, it recorded weaker comparative advantage than the leading comparator non-ACP countries of Australia, Brazil and Thailand, which experienced considerable increases in comparative advantage over the considered period. Overall, there has been convergence in comparative advantage among ACP states since the signing of the Lomé convention in 1975. Thu, 01 Mar 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/113 2018-03-01T00:00:00Z http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/112 Revealed Comparative Advantage in the Global Citrus Market and Implications for South Africa Seleka, Tebogo B.; Obi, Ajuruchukwu This paper adopts the Normalized Revealed Comparative Advantage (NRCA) index and data for the period 1961-2013 to examine comparative advantage among the leading citrus exporters in the global market and draws implications for South Africa’s citrus industry. Results reveal that Spain was the most competitive citrus exporter throughout the review period. South Africa (SA) improved steadily over time from position four to position two, surpassing Italy and Morocco in the process. Morocco, which ranked between positions two and four, was also surpassed by Turkey, which improved from position ten during the period 1961-1965 to position three during 2006-2010. Trend analyses of the annual NRCA scores indicate that Turkey is on the verge of surpassing SA in terms of competitiveness. Broadly, the results indicate that SA experienced weakening comparative advantage during the apartheid era, owing partly to trade sanctions by several European countries. With the end of apartheid and the subsequent removal of the sanctions, the situation has vastly improved, further yielding a rise in SA citrus competitiveness in the global market. Thu, 01 Mar 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/112 2018-03-01T00:00:00Z