http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5 Successful development requires going beyond purely economic issues and addressing social and human development. This includes education and health policies (development of human capital, part of improving living standards and also essential for productivity improvement), as well as employment, unemployment, poverty, inequality and the nature of social protection policies, which are important for inclusive growth. This research focus area also includes demographic trends (e.g. population ageing), as well as gender and development. The research themes in this area include Employment / Unemployment; and Poverty, Inequality and Inclusive Development. Sat, 20 Jun 2026 11:46:32 GMT 2026-06-20T11:46:32Z http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/bitstream/id/21dedc7c-dbc5-4094-9f9d-21f168de82c9/Human-and-Social-Development.jpg http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5 http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/179 Enhancing Social Protection Amidst Fiscal Constraints Mookodi, Lillian Botswana has long demonstrated a strong commitment to social protection, with established programmes to support vulnerable populations, reduce poverty, and promote social cohesion. Over the years, these initiatives have played a pivotal role in improving livelihoods and fostering economic inclusion, and reflecting the country’s dedication to inclusive development and social welfare. The 2025/26 budget builds on this legacy by introducing new programmes to improve financial security, child welfare, and housing. These key measures signal Botswana’s strategic shift towards a more inclusive and efficient social protection system, but their long-term success depends on effective implementation, fiscal sustainability, and continuous programme evaluation to ensure delivery of meaningful impact to those who need them most. A briefing note. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/179 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/178 Budgeting for Effective Anti-Corruption Initiatives in Botswana Omotoye, Marumo Corruption remains a significant challenge to governance and economic development in Botswana. To tackle this issue, strategic budgeting is essential to ensure that anti-corruption agencies, such as the Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crime, Office of the Auditor General, Financial Intelligence Agency, and Ethics and Integrity Directorate, have the necessary resources to operate independently and efficiently. This Budget Brief examines how enhancing accountability and transparency in budgeting can improve the effectiveness of Botswana’s anti-corruption initiatives. Its thematic focus is on Phase 1 (Halting the financial haemorrhaging in Government) of the Government of Botswana’s strategy to build an inclusive economy. A briefing note. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/178 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/175 Multidimensional Energy Poverty for Botswana Lekobane, Khaufelo Raymond; Molefhi, Koketso The energy-gender nexus is a topical issue that has gained traction among researchers and policymakers. Access to clean energy and gender equality are two of the most crucial sustainable development goals (SDGs) that affect households directly. Notwithstanding this, the gendered analysis of multidimensional energy poverty has been minimal in the empirical literature. Using the 2015/16 Botswana multi-topic household survey, this study investigates the gendered dimensions of energy poverty in Botswana, emphasising the disparities in energy access and affordability between male and female-headed households. We employed the Alkire-Foster (AF) methodology to compute our aggregate multidimensional energy poverty index (MEPI). Overall, we find that in Botswana, the gender gaps in multidimensional energy poverty levels are more than 10% for the poverty incidence and adjusted headcount ratio. This suggests that energy poverty in Botswana seems to be feminised. However, the gender gap in the intensity of multidimensional energy poverty is lower than 3% in favour of femaleheaded households. Finally, substantial gender gaps exist across household demographic characteristics, human capital, economic variables, and geography. The findings suggest that while Botswana has made significant progress in promoting renewable energy access through initiatives such as the Photovoltaic Rural Electrification Programme, gender-specific barriers remain. The study recommends enhanced policies that integrate gender considerations to foster equitable energy solutions, ensuring that all households, irrespective of the gender of the household head, can thrive in a sustainable and energy secure environment. The series comprises of papers which reflect work in progress or limited research efforts, which may be of interest to researchers and policy makers, or of a public education character. Working papers may already have been published elsewhere or may appear in other publications. Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/175 2025-09-01T00:00:00Z http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/120 THE RECENT FINANCIAL CRISIS: Some Reflections on its Likely Financial and Economic Effects on Botswana Taye, Haile Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/120 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z